Telecom Equipment Repair Market By Service Type (On-site Repairs, Off-site Repairs); By Equipment Type (Switching Equipment, Transmission Equipment, Other Equipment); By Repair Model (OEM Repairs, Third-Party Maintenance); By Region (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, LAMEA); Segment Revenue Estimation, Forecast, 2024–2030

Introduction And Strategic Context

The Global Telecom Equipment Repair Market is set to experience steady growth from USD 6.8 billion in 2024 , with projections showing it will reach USD 9.2 billion by 2030 , at a robust CAGR of 5.4% during this period. Telecom equipment repair services are critical for maintaining and extending the lifecycle of telecom infrastructure, which is a crucial part of the modern communication ecosystem. Telecom equipment, including antennas, base stations, routers, and servers, undergoes wear and tear over time, necessitating specialized repair services to keep networks running efficiently.

 

This growth is driven by several macro forces such as the increasing need for continuous telecom network uptime, the expanding use of 5G networks, and the rising demand for cost-effective repair services as telecom operators aim to reduce capital expenditures. Additionally, evolving technological innovations, such as AI and automation in repair processes, are enhancing the efficiency of service offerings. The telecom repair sector plays a significant role in mitigating disruptions caused by equipment failure and is increasingly recognized as essential for maintaining the resilience of telecommunications infrastructure globally.

 

Key stakeholders in this market include telecom network providers , repair service providers , OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturers) , telecommunications equipment suppliers , and third-party maintenance companies . This market is vital for companies looking to extend the operational lifespan of their network infrastructure, reduce downtime, and optimize their repair and maintenance budgets.

 

Market Segmentation And Forecast Scope

The telecom equipment repair market is segmented across several dimensions, each capturing a different aspect of the market's demand and supply. These dimensions include service type , equipment type , repair model , and region.

By Service Type

• On-site Repairs : This segment, expected to dominate the market share in 2024, involves sending technicians to customer sites to fix equipment. It’s particularly vital for large, complex installations, such as telecom towers or data centers , where downtime can lead to significant losses. On-site repair services are expected to account for about 60% of the total market revenue in 2024.

• Off-site Repairs : Off-site repairs, which typically involve sending damaged equipment to a centralized service center for diagnostics and repairs, are also growing. This segment provides lower cost alternatives to on-site services and is gaining traction in regions where telecom infrastructure is densely located and more easily accessible.

 

By Equipment Type

• Switching Equipment : Telecom switching systems, responsible for routing communication signals, require regular repairs to prevent network outages. This is one of the largest segments, representing about 35% of the total telecom equipment repair market. The increasing complexity of switching equipment, especially with the deployment of 5G, is contributing to this segment's prominence.

• Transmission Equipment : Transmission equipment, including fiber optic cables, routers, and amplifiers, forms another major segment. With global telecom operators investing heavily in fiber networks, this sector is also expected to see steady growth, driven by the need for specialized repair services to ensure high-speed, uninterrupted services.

• Other Equipment : This includes miscellaneous telecom hardware like antennas, base stations, and power supply equipment. While smaller in revenue, this segment’s growth is driven by the continued expansion of mobile and broadband services across underserved regions.

 

By Repair Model

• OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) Repairs : These are repairs performed by the manufacturers of telecom equipment. OEM services are highly trusted, as they ensure that equipment is returned to original standards. However, these services often come with a premium price tag, limiting their accessibility for smaller operators.

• Third-Party Maintenance (TPM) : Third-party services are increasingly gaining market share. These repair providers are not tied to the equipment’s original manufacturer and often offer more competitive pricing without compromising the quality of service. TPM is expected to grow rapidly, particularly among telecom operators in emerging markets.

 

By Region

• North America : This region will continue to lead the telecom equipment repair market, representing 38% of the total market revenue in 2024. The extensive telecom infrastructure in the U.S. and Canada, coupled with stringent maintenance regulations, supports the demand for repair services.

• Europe : Europe’s market share is also considerable, with countries like Germany, France, and the UK being major consumers of telecom repair services. The growth here is fueled by the rollout of 5G networks and a mature telecom infrastructure that requires continuous repair and maintenance.

• Asia-Pacific : Expected to witness the fastest growth, this region is driven by telecom expansion in China, India, and Southeast Asia. As telecom companies in these countries rapidly scale up to meet the demand for high-speed internet and 5G services, the demand for telecom equipment repair services will grow correspondingly.

• LAMEA (Latin America, Middle East, and Africa) : The market in LAMEA is smaller compared to other regions but holds potential, particularly in the Middle East where infrastructure investments are increasing. In Africa and parts of Latin America, telecom repair services are becoming essential as mobile networks proliferate.

 

Market Trends And Innovation Landscape

The telecom equipment repair market is seeing a few critical trends and innovations that are shaping the industry’s future. These developments are driven by technological advances, regulatory changes, and evolving customer expectations. From AI-powered diagnostics to the adoption of predictive maintenance, here are some of the key trends and innovations impacting the market:

Automation and AI Integration

One of the most significant trends in telecom equipment repair is the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) and automation to streamline the repair process. AI-driven diagnostic tools can detect issues faster and more accurately, minimizing human error and reducing downtime. Predictive maintenance powered by AI is gaining traction as it allows telecom operators to anticipate failures before they occur. This reduces costly repairs and improves the overall reliability of telecom infrastructure.

AI-based systems are increasingly used in network management to proactively identify potential faults, allowing repair services to be performed only when necessary. By predicting failure points and recommending optimal repair timelines, AI tools enhance operational efficiency, leading to cost savings and more reliable service delivery.

Expert commentary: "In the near future, we might see AI not just diagnosing issues but even executing repairs autonomously on certain types of telecom equipment. It’s all about reducing the time to recovery and maintaining uptime."

 

Predictive Maintenance and Remote Monitoring

Predictive maintenance is becoming a standard practice in telecom equipment repair. By utilizing real-time monitoring and advanced sensors, telecom companies can assess the health of equipment continuously. This helps identify problems before they escalate into full-blown failures, reducing the need for urgent, large-scale repairs.

Remote monitoring tools are also enhancing the efficiency of repairs. These tools provide repair teams with real-time data on the status of telecom infrastructure, enabling them to make informed decisions and perform repairs without the need for on-site visits. This is particularly valuable in remote or hard-to-reach locations.

Expert insight: "Predictive maintenance is reshaping telecom repair by making it possible to reduce downtime significantly. The ability to fix problems before they happen is a game-changer, especially for large telecom operators managing vast networks."

 

Hybrid and Modular Repair Models

Another trend is the increasing demand for hybrid repair models that combine OEM and third-party maintenance services. Telecom operators are seeking flexible repair solutions that allow them to reduce costs while still maintaining high service standards. Hybrid models integrate the benefits of both OEM repairs (for critical equipment) and third-party services (for cost-effective, non-critical components).

Furthermore, modular repair services are emerging, where equipment can be repaired in parts rather than as a whole. This is especially relevant for telecom infrastructure like base stations, routers, and switches, where replacing small components can extend the equipment's life without requiring a complete overhaul. Modular repairs help telecom operators reduce service downtime and improve their overall repair efficiency.

 

5G Network Expansion and the Need for Specialized Repairs

The rollout of 5G networks is driving a significant shift in the telecom equipment repair market. 5G equipment is more complex and specialized compared to 4G systems, requiring highly skilled technicians and specialized repair tools. As 5G technology matures, the demand for specialized repairs will increase, with a focus on high-frequency antennas , small cell base stations , and edge computing equipment .

Expert perspective: "With the rise of 5G, repair services for telecom equipment will evolve. We are already seeing an increased demand for equipment that can handle the high speeds and low latency required for 5G networks."

 

Sustainability and Green Repair Practices

Sustainability is increasingly becoming a priority in telecom infrastructure maintenance. Telecom equipment repair companies are looking at greener repair practices by reducing waste, recycling components, and using less harmful chemicals in repair processes. In line with growing environmental regulations and consumer demand for eco-friendly practices, companies are adopting sustainable methods to lower their carbon footprint.

Expert opinion: "As telecom operators work to reduce their environmental impact, repair service providers are becoming more proactive in offering solutions that contribute to sustainability. This could include everything from recycling old components to using eco-friendly solvents in repairs."

 

Enhanced Customer Service and Outsourced Maintenance

Telecom companies are now focusing more on offering customer-centric services that prioritize faster response times and enhanced customer support. This is giving rise to new business models for outsourced telecom equipment maintenance. Some telecom providers are partnering with third-party repair companies to manage their maintenance needs more efficiently.

This trend is also driven by a need for 24/7 customer service and repair availability. Telecom providers are increasingly turning to outsourced maintenance contracts with third-party service providers to deliver round-the-clock services and ensure minimal disruption to their clients’ networks.

 

Competitive Intelligence And Benchmarking

The telecom equipment repair market is highly competitive, with several key players dominating the landscape. These companies are constantly innovating to maintain their position, offering a range of services that cater to telecom operators’ evolving needs. Here's a closer look at the leading players and their strategies:

Cisco Systems

A global leader in telecommunications and networking equipment, Cisco Systems plays a pivotal role in the telecom repair market. Cisco’s repair services span various telecom equipment, including routers, switches, and advanced network infrastructure. The company’s strategy focuses on OEM repair services , providing high-quality, authorized repairs to maintain the integrity of their equipment.

• Strategy : Cisco differentiates itself by offering comprehensive service contracts that include maintenance and repair services for its entire portfolio of telecom equipment. Their services are often bundled with network upgrades and software solutions.

• Global Reach : Cisco operates globally, with a strong presence in North America, Europe, and Asia-Pacific, especially in the enterprise and telecom sectors.

• Product Differentiation : Cisco’s repair services stand out due to their high reliability and adherence to strict regulatory standards, making them a preferred choice for large telecom operators and enterprise customers.

 

Alcatel-Lucent (Nokia)

Nokia , which acquired Alcatel-Lucent , offers comprehensive repair services for telecom equipment, particularly for high-frequency 4G and 5G infrastructure. The company’s repair services focus on advanced network equipment such as base stations, antennas, and routing devices.

• Strategy : Nokia has adopted a strong focus on modular repair services , which allows for more targeted and efficient maintenance. This is particularly important as telecom operators modernize their networks with 5G.

• Global Reach : With a significant market share in Europe and a growing presence in Asia-Pacific, Nokia is well-positioned to serve telecom operators across different regions.

• Product Differentiation : The company’s integration of network lifecycle services with repair and maintenance makes them a standout player, particularly in the transition to 5G.

 

Ericsson

Ericsson offers a wide array of repair services, including maintenance contracts, upgrades, and emergency repairs. The company is known for its leadership in telecom infrastructure, particularly in 5G networks.

• Strategy : Ericsson emphasizes predictive maintenance and remote repair services , which significantly reduce downtime for telecom operators. Their service contracts are often customized for large-scale network operators.

• Global Reach : Ericsson has a strong footprint in both mature markets (such as North America and Europe) and rapidly expanding regions like Asia-Pacific and Africa.

• Product Differentiation : Ericsson’s focus on 5G equipment repairs and its ability to offer highly tailored services for global telecom operators set it apart from its competitors.

 

Huawei Technologies

Huawei is one of the largest telecom equipment providers globally and also has a significant share of the repair market. Huawei’s repair services extend to its extensive portfolio of telecom hardware, including routers, base stations, and transmission equipment.

• Strategy : Huawei’s repair services are focused on cost-effective solutions , with a strong emphasis on offering affordable services without compromising on quality.

• Global Reach : Huawei has a dominant presence in Asia and Africa and is increasingly making inroads into Europe and Latin America. However, political and regulatory challenges in North America and parts of Europe have affected its market share.

• Product Differentiation : Huawei’s competitive edge lies in its ability to provide affordable third-party maintenance services , particularly in developing markets where cost considerations are a priority.

 

ZTE Corporation

ZTE is another major player in the telecom equipment repair market, providing repair and maintenance services for telecom infrastructure like antennas, transmission equipment, and base stations.

• Strategy : ZTE focuses on offering third-party maintenance services , positioning itself as a cost-effective alternative to OEM services. This strategy is well-suited to emerging markets, where telecom operators are highly price-sensitive.

• Global Reach : ZTE has a strong presence in Asia , Africa , and Latin America , where telecom infrastructure is expanding rapidly.

• Product Differentiation : ZTE’s differentiation lies in its ability to deliver affordable and scalable repair solutions tailored to the needs of smaller telecom operators and developing markets.

 

Third-Party Maintenance Providers

Several third-party maintenance providers play a significant role in the telecom repair market. These companies specialize in offering repair services for a wide range of telecom equipment, providing cost-effective alternatives to OEM services. Examples of such providers include Flextronics , Fujitsu , and Cannon Group .

• Strategy : Third-party providers typically offer flexible service models , catering to both large telecom operators and smaller regional players. These services often include contract-based maintenance, emergency repairs, and modular repairs.

• Global Reach : Third-party providers have a global reach, particularly in emerging regions where cost-effective solutions are in high demand.

• Product Differentiation : The main differentiators for third-party providers are cost-efficiency , rapid response times , and the ability to service equipment from multiple manufacturers.

 

Regional Landscape And Adoption Outlook

The telecom equipment repair market is subject to regional variations in adoption and growth, influenced by the density of telecom infrastructure, regulatory demands, and the pace of technology upgrades, such as 5G networks. Each region has unique factors that contribute to its share of the market.

North America

North America continues to dominate the telecom equipment repair market, accounting for 38% of the market share in 2024. The strong market presence is largely driven by the United States, where telecom infrastructure is highly developed, and the demand for repair services remains robust. Several factors contribute to North America's leadership:

• 5G Deployment : The U.S. is one of the fastest-growing markets for 5G networks , driving demand for specialized repair services for next-gen equipment.

• Regulatory Compliance : Telecom operators are bound by stringent regulations that require high-quality repair services to ensure network reliability and uptime. This has further cemented the need for reliable, OEM-backed repair services.

• Advanced Repair Infrastructure : North America benefits from highly sophisticated repair infrastructure, which allows service providers to offer both on-site and off-site repair services at competitive speeds.

The region will continue to lead, particularly due to its advanced telecom infrastructure and the growing complexity of 5G network repair needs.

 

Europe

Europe, accounting for 30% of the market share in 2024, is a strong second in the telecom equipment repair market. The region is characterized by:

• Regulatory Requirements : The European Union’s regulatory framework is one of the strictest globally, ensuring that telecom operators must adhere to high standards for network reliability. As a result, equipment repair services are in constant demand, especially for 5G infrastructure.

• Sustainability Focus : Europe’s growing emphasis on sustainability is driving the adoption of greener repair practices. Telecom repair companies are increasingly required to minimize waste and adopt eco-friendly materials and processes.

• Mobile Network Expansion : Countries like Germany, France, and the UK are leading the way in 5G deployments , which in turn creates a demand for specialized repair services to maintain and service advanced 5G equipment.

In Europe, sustainability and regulatory compliance are central factors influencing the telecom repair market, as well as the adoption of next-gen technology like 5G .

 

Asia-Pacific

The Asia-Pacific region is forecast to experience the fastest growth in the telecom equipment repair market, driven by emerging markets such as China, India, and Southeast Asia . The region is projected to grow at a CAGR of 7.2% from 2024 to 2030, fueled by:

• Rapid Infrastructure Expansion : Countries like China and India are heavily investing in telecom infrastructure, including the widespread rollout of 5G networks , which increases demand for telecom equipment repairs.

• Cost Sensitivity : In many parts of Asia-Pacific, telecom companies prefer third-party maintenance services , which are more cost-effective compared to OEM services.

• Technological Advancements : With advancements in smart cities and 5G technology , the need for specialized repair services in telecom infrastructure will rise.

The region’s strong growth is attributed to low-cost repair services and the increasing need for 5G network maintenance , particularly in rapidly expanding economies like China and India.

 

LAMEA (Latin America, Middle East, and Africa)

LAMEA accounts for a smaller portion of the telecom equipment repair market but holds significant growth potential. This region is expected to grow at a CAGR of 6.0% from 2024 to 2030, driven by:

• Middle East Investments : Countries like Saudi Arabia and the UAE are investing heavily in telecom infrastructure, making repair services for advanced equipment a growing need.

• Mobile Network Growth : Latin America, while slower to adopt 5G, continues to see growth in mobile networks and broadband services, creating steady demand for equipment repair services.

• Underdeveloped Infrastructure : In Africa , the telecom infrastructure is less developed, which limits the demand for repair services. However, as more African nations expand mobile networks, the need for repair services will increase, particularly in remote areas.

The Middle East, with its rapid telecom infrastructure growth , presents a key opportunity for market players, while Latin America and Africa will likely see gradual growth as infrastructure expands.

 

Key Regional Dynamics:

• North America and Europe will continue to dominate in terms of market share, driven by well-established telecom infrastructure and stringent regulatory requirements.

• Asia-Pacific is the fastest-growing region, benefiting from 5G deployments and the expansion of telecom services across emerging economies.

• LAMEA represents an emerging market, with rapid growth expected in Middle Eastern countries and gradual expansion in Latin America and Africa .

 

End-User Dynamics And Use Case

The demand for telecom equipment repair services varies significantly depending on the type of end-user, each of which has specific requirements and operational priorities. These end users can broadly be categorized into telecom operators , contractors , enterprises , and third-party maintenance providers . Let's dive into how each category adopts telecom repair services and explore a relevant use case.

Telecom Operators

Telecom operators are the largest end-users of repair services, as they are responsible for managing extensive networks of telecom equipment that need regular maintenance. These companies include giants like AT&T , Verizon , and China Mobile , which operate thousands of miles of infrastructure worldwide. For telecom operators, key priorities in repair services include minimizing downtime , cost efficiency , and ensuring network reliability .

• Adoption : Telecom operators often enter into long-term maintenance contracts with OEMs and third-party providers, ensuring that their networks are up and running 24/7 with minimal interruptions.

• Focus : As 5G networks expand, operators are particularly concerned with the repair and maintenance of base stations , routers , switches , and fiber -optic infrastructure .

 

Contract Research Organizations (CROs) and Infrastructure Contractors

CROs and infrastructure contractors handle the installation, repair, and maintenance of telecom infrastructure on behalf of telecom operators. These contractors are integral to the deployment of telecom equipment in new regions or during technology upgrades.

• Adoption : CROs and contractors typically work with third-party service providers to maintain and repair newly installed telecom equipment. Their focus is on delivering cost-effective services while maintaining strict adherence to regulatory standards .

• Focus : With the growth of 5G, these players are particularly focused on maintaining small cells , antenna systems , and signal towers , which require highly specialized repair capabilities.

 

Enterprises and Data Centers

Large enterprises and data centers also make up a significant portion of telecom equipment repair services. These organizations rely heavily on telecom infrastructure for their daily operations, making repairs crucial for business continuity.

• Adoption : Enterprises often adopt a mix of OEM repair contracts for critical systems and third-party services for less complex equipment. This hybrid approach allows them to balance cost-efficiency and performance .

• Focus : Companies with large data centers require specialized repair services for their server racks , routers , and network cables to ensure continuous uptime. These repairs are essential to support cloud-based operations and real-time communications.

 

Use Case Highlight: Mobile Network Operator in India

A mobile network operator in India was facing frequent downtimes due to equipment failure in its rural tower networks. The operator was concerned that the downtime was affecting service delivery and subscriber satisfaction, particularly in less-served rural regions.

• Challenge : The company was struggling with long response times for on-site repairs, which often meant that small network failures escalated into significant service outages.

• Solution : The telecom operator partnered with a third-party maintenance provider that specialized in remote monitoring and predictive maintenance services. The third-party service provider used AI-powered diagnostics to detect potential issues before they led to failure. Additionally, remote repair teams could address many problems without needing an on-site visit, dramatically reducing downtime.

• Outcome : Within six months of implementing the predictive maintenance system, the operator saw a 50% reduction in service interruptions , leading to better network reliability and improved customer satisfaction. Furthermore, the operator saved on operational costs by reducing the need for emergency repairs and increasing the longevity of their network equipment.

This example illustrates how predictive maintenance and remote monitoring technologies are transforming telecom repair services, particularly for mobile network operators in emerging markets.

 

Recent Developments + Opportunities & Restraints

Recent Developments (Last 2 Years)

The telecom equipment repair market has seen several notable developments over the last two years, largely driven by advancements in technology, growing demand for 5G infrastructure, and the need for cost-effective solutions. Here are a few key developments:

• AI and Predictive Maintenance Integration : Several telecom repair providers, including Ericsson and Huawei , have begun integrating AI-powered diagnostics into their repair services. This development is particularly focused on predictive maintenance tools that help identify potential equipment failures before they occur, which significantly reduces downtime and maintenance costs.

• Expansion of 5G Equipment Repair Capabilities : As the rollout of 5G networks accelerates globally, many telecom repair companies, such as Nokia and Cisco , have introduced specialized repair services for 5G base stations , small cells , and high-frequency antennas . These innovations ensure that operators can maintain their advanced 5G infrastructure with minimal disruptions.

• Growth of Remote Repair Services : Companies like Flextronics and Cannon Group have expanded their remote repair and on-site service offerings to improve efficiency and reduce operational costs for telecom operators. This move is part of a broader trend toward digitalization and remote troubleshooting, which has become increasingly important as telecom networks become more complex.

• Partnerships with Third-Party Maintenance Providers : Many telecom operators, especially in Asia-Pacific and Latin America , have entered into partnerships with third-party maintenance providers. These partnerships focus on cost-effective repair solutions while meeting the growing demand for 5G infrastructure maintenance in emerging markets.

 

Opportunities

• Expansion of 5G Networks : As 5G networks continue to expand globally, the need for specialized repair services for 5G equipment such as base stations , small cells , and 5G antennas will increase. This presents a significant opportunity for repair providers to offer tailored services to telecom operators who are investing heavily in next-gen infrastructure.
  Opportunity Highlight : With many countries moving towards widespread 5G adoption, providers who specialize in 5G network repairs could capture substantial market share, especially in regions like Asia-Pacific where the demand for 5G is particularly high.

• Emerging Markets in Asia-Pacific and Africa : Emerging markets in Asia-Pacific , Africa , and parts of Latin America offer significant growth opportunities for telecom equipment repair companies. As telecom infrastructure continues to grow, particularly with the rapid deployment of 5G networks , these regions will require cost-effective, high-quality repair solutions.
  Opportunity Highlight : Third-party repair services, which provide affordable maintenance solutions, will be in high demand in price-sensitive markets such as India and Brazil , where telecom operators are expanding their networks rapidly.

• Green Telecom Repair Services : With increasing focus on sustainability, green repair practices that reduce environmental impact are becoming a priority. Telecom companies and their service providers are beginning to adopt eco-friendly repair methods by reducing waste, recycling materials, and utilizing greener repair technologies.
  Opportunity Highlight : Telecom repair providers that emphasize sustainability and offer green repair services will appeal to operators and consumers who prioritize environmental responsibility, particularly in Europe where regulatory requirements for sustainability are stringent.

 

Restraints

• High Equipment Repair Costs : The cost of repairing and maintaining advanced telecom equipment, especially 5G infrastructure, can be quite high. For telecom operators, particularly in emerging markets, the high cost of repair services can be a significant barrier.
  Restraint Insight : While third-party maintenance services offer more affordable options, they may not always meet the stringent quality standards of OEM repair services. This trade-off between cost and service quality can slow adoption of repair solutions in budget-constrained regions.

• Lack of Skilled Workforce : The rapid pace of technological advancement in telecom equipment, particularly with the deployment of 5G technology, requires highly skilled technicians. There is currently a shortage of qualified technicians who can repair specialized 5G equipment, which may hinder the growth of repair services in certain regions.
  Restraint Insight : Telecom operators may face challenges in finding qualified technicians to handle predictive maintenance and remote repair services, especially in regions with a lack of technical education infrastructure or where telecom networks are rapidly scaling.

• Regulatory Hurdles : Different regions have varying regulations when it comes to telecom equipment repair and maintenance, especially as 5G technologies become more widespread. These regulatory complexities could create barriers to entry for telecom repair companies seeking to expand their services across borders.
  Restraint Insight : Companies that wish to expand internationally may need to navigate complex certification and compliance processes , which can delay their entry into new markets and increase operational costs.

 

7.1. Report Coverage Table

Report Attribute	Details
Forecast Period	2024 – 2030
Market Size Value in 2024	USD 6.8 Billion
Revenue Forecast in 2030	USD 9.2 Billion
Overall Growth Rate	CAGR of 5.4% (2024 – 2030)
Base Year for Estimation	2024
Historical Data	2019 – 2023
Unit	USD Million, CAGR (2024 – 2030)
Segmentation	By Service Type, By Equipment Type, By Repair Model, By Region
Market Drivers	Increasing 5G deployment, demand for predictive maintenance, cost-effective repair solutions
Customization Option	Available upon request