Report Description Table of Contents Introduction And Strategic Context The Global Paint Stripper Market is expected to reach a value of $2.9 billion in 2024 , expanding to around $4.1 billion by 2030 , with a projected CAGR of 5.9% , according to Strategic Market Research. Paint strippers, also known as paint removers or paint solvents, play a critical role in the renovation and surface preparation industry. Whether it's stripping old coatings from cars, furniture, walls, or industrial assets, these chemical-based or eco-friendly formulations are essential in sectors where surfaces need to be reset before recoating or repurposing. And while the product may sound commoditized, the market dynamics around it are evolving quickly. One of the biggest drivers reshaping this industry is the tightening of chemical safety regulations. Several jurisdictions—particularly in North America and Europe—have begun restricting or banning methylene chloride-based strippers, citing occupational exposure and health hazards. This has forced manufacturers to reformulate products around safer solvents like benzyl alcohol, dibasic esters, and bio-based blends. As a result, innovation is being driven not by performance alone, but by safety, compliance, and ease of disposal. At the same time, there's strong demand momentum from the DIY and renovation sector. In markets like the United States, Canada, Germany, and Australia, aging housing stock and rising interest in upcycling furniture are creating a wave of individual consumers looking for safer, low- odor , and easy-to-apply paint removers. These users are less interested in industrial-strength solutions and more in user-friendly gels or eco-label-certified products. Industrial applications, however, continue to account for a significant chunk of revenue. Aerospace, automotive refinishing, and marine maintenance all require highly effective coatings removal, particularly where multiple layers or hardened polyurethane coatings are involved. In these settings, productivity, dwell time, and surface compatibility become make-or-break factors in purchase decisions. Environmental compliance is another pivotal force. Waste disposal regulations and VOC (volatile organic compound) emissions caps are pressuring OEMs and distributors to switch from solvent-heavy formulas to water-based or enzymatic solutions. The cost of compliance, labeling , and transportation of hazardous materials is nudging the market toward a more sustainable chemical profile. On the stakeholder side, chemical manufacturers are rethinking product lines, while hardware retailers and e-commerce platforms are adjusting inventory strategies to reflect the regulatory shift. Contractors are seeking dual-benefit products—those that balance effectiveness with safety—while institutions and municipalities are also emerging as key buyers, particularly in building restoration and infrastructure repainting. So, what looked like a stagnant, niche category a decade ago is now at the intersection of chemical reformulation, sustainability mandates, and consumer empowerment. The paint stripper market may not be glamorous—but its evolution tells a story of practical innovation under pressure. Market Segmentation And Forecast Scope The paint stripper market cuts across both professional and consumer landscapes, with multiple product formats tailored to use case, surface material, regulatory environment, and application scale. For forecasting purposes, the market is typically segmented by product type, formulation base, application area, end user, and region. These layers help map how the demand is shifting — from solvent-heavy, industrial-grade removers to safer, greener alternatives with broader accessibility. By Product Type The market is split into three dominant formats: liquid , gel , and aerosol . Liquid-based strippers remain the most widely used, especially in commercial applications, due to their fast-acting properties. However, gel-based products are growing quickly, especially in residential and consumer settings, as they offer better surface adhesion, less drip, and more controlled application. Aerosols, while niche, are gaining ground in the DIY segment thanks to their convenience, particularly for small-scale jobs or detailed restoration work. Gel formulations are expected to represent nearly 42% of all sales in 2024, with that share climbing as user safety and indoor applications become more common. By Formulation Base This segment reflects the industry's shifting chemistry: solvent-based , caustic-based , and bio-based or safer solvent blends . Solvent-based products still dominate the industrial use case, prized for their speed and strength in removing epoxy, polyurethane, and baked-on enamel paints. Caustic strippers, often sodium hydroxide-based, are commonly used for wood restoration but pose challenges around neutralization and material compatibility. The fastest-growing category, though, is bio-based and safer solvent strippers — designed to meet regulatory and consumer safety demands without compromising performance. Many manufacturers are leaning into low-VOC, biodegradable ingredients not just for compliance, but to appeal to institutional buyers who face public scrutiny over chemical use. By Application Paint strippers are applied in building renovation , automotive refinishing , furniture restoration , marine maintenance , and industrial machinery servicing . Among these, building and architectural renovation commands the largest share of volume — driven by urban renewal, infrastructure repainting, and the popularity of historic building preservation. Automotive and aerospace use cases, however, contribute disproportionately to revenue due to the need for high-performance products with specialty certifications or formulations. By End User End users include professional contractors , DIY/homeowners , manufacturers , and institutional maintenance teams (e.g., facility managers, municipalities). While contractors and industrial users remain the largest commercial buyers, DIY demand is growing rapidly, especially in North America and Western Europe. There’s a notable crossover trend: homeowners are buying pro-grade gel strippers, and small contractors are looking for eco- labeled products that help them win bids on regulated jobs. By Region The regional view divides into North America , Europe , Asia Pacific , and LAMEA (Latin America, Middle East, and Africa). North America leads in total market value due to a combination of regulatory turnover, large DIY penetration, and broad institutional usage. Europe follows closely, especially in eco-compliant product lines. Asia Pacific, on the other hand, shows the fastest CAGR — driven by industrial expansion and gradual adoption of safer formulations. Scope Note: While the market may appear fragmented, it’s increasingly aligned around performance standards and compliance requirements. Vendors are bundling their strippers with application tools, safety gear, or surface prep kits — turning what used to be a standalone product into part of a job-specific solution. Market Trends And Innovation Landscape The paint stripper market is in the middle of a quiet transformation. What was once a product category driven solely by chemical potency is now being reshaped by regulation, user safety demands, and the broader push for greener materials. Innovation here isn’t always flashy — but it’s happening at the formulation, packaging, and even user-experience level. One of the clearest shifts is the accelerated move away from hazardous solvents. Methylene chloride, once a staple in industrial-grade strippers, is being systematically phased out due to health and environmental concerns. In its place, manufacturers are experimenting with safer alternatives like benzyl alcohol, dimethyl glutarate , or soy- and citrus-derived solvents. These bio-based ingredients offer moderate stripping power but present fewer health risks and are easier to dispose of. In reality, the reformulation race is less about outperforming the old chemistry and more about balancing effectiveness with compliance — a delicate tightrope walk for R&D teams. There's also growing momentum around hybrid strippers that combine solvent and caustic chemistry. These formulations are engineered to extend dwell time while maintaining strong penetration — especially on multi-layer coatings. Some newer products even include built-in neutralizers or post-strip conditioners that reduce surface damage and prep the substrate for recoating in one step. Packaging design is getting smarter too. Gel-based products are now being sold in squeeze pouches or resealable tubs, reducing waste and improving handling safety. Aerosol delivery is being improved through low-pressure systems that offer better control and reduce overspray — especially important for indoor or vertical applications. Digital tools are also beginning to find their place. Some distributors now offer mobile apps that guide users through product selection, dwell time estimation, or disposal best practices. These tools are especially useful for contractors bidding on regulated jobs, where specifying a low-VOC or methylene-free solution can be a requirement. On the sustainability front, manufacturers are leaning into biodegradable and water- rinsable formulations. This has opened the door for green certifications — not just from government bodies, but also from private construction rating systems like LEED or WELL. In institutional and municipal contracts, the presence of such labels can tip the scale during procurement decisions. One trend gaining attention is the growing use of infrared and laser-assisted paint removal systems — not as chemical alternatives, but as complementary tools in restoration and aerospace applications. These systems are expensive, but they’re drawing interest where chemical use is restricted or hazardous. Strategic partnerships are also worth noting. Several chemical companies are working directly with restoration firms, automotive OEMs, or paint manufacturers to co-develop stripping solutions that work seamlessly with existing paint systems. This vertical integration — from coating to removal — is helping reduce failure rates and improve project timelines. To sum it up, innovation in this market isn’t defined by radical disruption. It’s defined by smart, incremental changes that make products safer, easier to use, and more aligned with how real people work. That’s what’s driving the next generation of paint stripping. Competitive Intelligence And Benchmarking The paint stripper market, while not as high-profile as other segments in the coatings value chain, is surprisingly competitive — especially as regulatory shifts and sustainability goals rewrite the rulebook. The space is currently dominated by a mix of global chemical manufacturers, specialty coatings players, and a growing cohort of eco-first startups. Each is carving out a niche based on formulation strategy, distribution model, or regulatory positioning. 3M remains a prominent force in industrial-grade paint strippers, especially in automotive, marine, and aerospace maintenance. The company’s portfolio includes solvent-based formulations tailored for metal surfaces and aircraft exteriors, where performance and speed matter most. What sets 3M apart is its close integration with surface prep tools and protective gear, creating a comprehensive ecosystem for industrial users. Its distribution strength through professional channels gives it wide reach, particularly in North America and Europe. PPG Industries has been active in launching reformulated coatings and removers under its performance coatings division. The company’s focus is on regulatory-ready products that support repainting cycles in sectors like transportation infrastructure and heavy machinery. PPG is also working with contractors on closed-loop systems that help reduce waste from stripping operations — a move that aligns well with ESG trends. Henkel plays more in the bio-based and eco-conscious end of the spectrum. Its adhesive and surface treatment brands are increasingly expanding into paint removal as part of pre-coating solutions. Henkel’s products are often bundled into broader industrial cleaning kits or surface management systems. The company’s R&D focus on sustainable chemistry gives it a competitive edge with institutional buyers and global OEMs. Sunnyside Corporation , a U.S.-based specialty player, dominates the DIY and home improvement retail segment. Its well-known line of paint removers is distributed through major chains like Home Depot and Lowe’s. Sunnyside has been at the forefront of consumer-friendly reformulation, offering low- odor , non-methylene options that cater to weekend renovators and small contractors. The brand’s strength lies in its trust factor and user-friendly packaging. Wolman (a division of Arch Wood Protection) focuses heavily on wood surface restoration. Its stripper products are popular among contractors handling decks, fences, and exterior siding. Wolman’s value proposition centers on surface safety — offering formulations that strip paint without damaging natural wood fibers or leaving behind caustic residue. It's a preferred brand in landscaping and exterior refurbishment. Franmar Chemical , a smaller U.S.-based company, is gaining traction with its soy-based paint removers. These products, marketed as biodegradable and non-toxic, appeal strongly to eco-conscious consumers and green-certified contractors. While limited in industrial strength, they are well-suited for indoor use and sensitive environments like schools or hospitals. The real battleground in this market isn’t just performance — it’s compliance, usability, and perception. Products that are easy to use, clearly labeled for safety, and trusted by regulators are winning shelf space and job bids alike. Competitive Dynamics at a Glance: Global players like 3M and PPG dominate the industrial and institutional segments, backed by technical credibility and wide distribution. Mid-sized brands such as Sunnyside and Wolman focus on consumer and contractor adoption, building loyalty through usability and safety. Niche players like Franmar are leveraging formulation purity to stand out in regulated or eco-sensitive sectors. What’s emerging now is a tiered landscape: powerhouses with deep R&D capabilities leading in industrial markets, while agile players capitalize on consumer shifts and regulatory tailwinds. The winners will likely be those that balance compliance with ease of use — and communicate that clearly to end users. Regional Landscape And Adoption Outlook The paint stripper market’s growth curve looks very different depending on where you are. Regulations, infrastructure age, industrial activity, and DIY culture all influence how these products are used — and by whom. While the core need remains consistent (remove old coatings effectively), how that need is met shifts drastically between developed and emerging markets. North America remains the most mature and regulated paint stripper market globally. In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has already banned consumer use of methylene chloride-based products, forcing a major product shift. This has created both challenges and opportunities. Legacy brands had to reformulate quickly, while newer players offering bio-based alternatives gained a fast-track to market. There's also a strong undercurrent of DIY demand, particularly from the home renovation segment, which continues to support gel-based, low-VOC strippers sold through big-box retailers. Canada closely mirrors U.S. trends, with additional momentum from provincial green purchasing initiatives that prioritize low-toxicity maintenance products in schools and public buildings. Institutions are increasingly writing methylene-free requirements directly into RFPs, giving compliant vendors a clear advantage. Europe follows similar trends but with even stricter oversight in some regions. Countries like Germany, France, and the Nordic nations have imposed chemical safety regulations that exceed global norms — particularly regarding VOC content and worker exposure limits. As a result, product innovation in Europe skews heavily toward water-based and biodegradable formulations. Contractors often favor multi-functional products that strip coatings while preparing the surface for reapplication, helping reduce labor time and meet sustainability benchmarks. Southern and Eastern Europe show slower adoption of high-end eco-strippers, mostly due to pricing pressure. However, renovation projects tied to EU energy-efficiency mandates are pushing these regions toward greener surface prep solutions. In short, European demand is increasingly aligned with low-emission goals — making regulatory compliance as important as stripping power. Asia Pacific is the fastest-growing regional market, thanks to a mix of industrial expansion, urban redevelopment, and rising renovation activity. In countries like China and India, there’s heavy use of solvent-based strippers in automotive, marine, and infrastructure projects. However, local governments are beginning to crack down on hazardous materials in manufacturing and construction zones, especially in metro areas. This is opening the door for safer formulations, particularly in institutional and export-oriented applications. Japan and South Korea, with their established manufacturing bases, are pushing for higher worker safety standards — and are piloting alternatives to traditional solvents in factory maintenance. Australia, on the other hand, is mirroring North American consumer behavior , with high demand for DIY-friendly, eco-certified products in the home improvement space. Latin America, Middle East, and Africa (LAMEA) remain relatively underpenetrated but are showing signs of acceleration. In Brazil and Mexico, demand is rising from automotive repair centers and small construction firms. However, the use of highly volatile and less regulated solvent strippers remains common — partly due to price sensitivity and limited enforcement. In the Middle East, oil and gas facilities present a steady industrial use case, particularly in repainting infrastructure and metal assets exposed to heat or corrosive conditions. Some countries, like the UAE and Saudi Arabia, are modernizing building codes, which could eventually push procurement toward safer stripping solutions. Africa presents a mixed picture. In commercial hubs like South Africa and Nigeria, building maintenance is on the rise, but access to compliant products is limited. Non-profit housing initiatives and government restoration projects could offer footholds for safer, scalable paint removal solutions in the future. Ultimately, the global map for paint strippers is defined by two competing forces: regulation and infrastructure age. Regions with stricter oversight and older buildings are ripe for high-margin, compliant products. Others still run on cost-first logic — but even that’s beginning to shift. End-User Dynamics And Use Case The paint stripper market is shaped less by industry verticals and more by the hands that use the product. Whether it's a homeowner prepping a vintage cabinet, or an aerospace contractor stripping epoxy from fuselage panels, the needs, risks, and expectations are fundamentally different. Understanding these end-user dynamics is key to understanding where innovation, volume, and margin will flow over the next five years. Professional Contractors remain the most influential segment across both construction and industrial settings. They often buy in bulk and demand products that balance performance with surface safety. Time-on-task matters here. Products that reduce dwell time without requiring aggressive scraping tend to win loyalty. These users are also deeply affected by local chemical regulations — especially when working in schools, hospitals, or historic preservation projects, where methylene chloride is restricted. Increasingly, contractors are leaning toward multi-surface strippers that eliminate the need for different SKUs at each job site. Institutional Maintenance Teams , such as those in municipal buildings, universities, and transportation departments, prioritize compliance and reliability. For them, the purchasing decision is as much about what’s on the safety data sheet as what’s in the can. Procurement often requires proof of VOC levels, SDS access, and case studies or use certifications. These teams are among the early adopters of reformulated, water-based solutions — especially when paired with vendor training and bundled safety gear. DIY Consumers and Homeowners make up a growing share of volume in mature markets like the U.S., Canada, and Australia. They’re often first-time users looking for ease, safety, and clear instructions. Products that come in gel form, offer low odor , and provide visual cues (such as color change when activated) tend to win. Retail success in this segment is driven by packaging clarity, online reviews, and retailer endorsement. Price is important, but not as much as peace of mind. What’s interesting here is that consumers are increasingly willing to pay a premium for "green" credentials — especially if it means skipping the gloves and respirator. Industrial Operators , especially in aerospace, automotive, and marine maintenance, prioritize raw performance and surface integrity. These end users often require highly specific formulations capable of stripping high-resistance coatings like powder coat, epoxy, or polyurethane without damaging metal or composite substrates. Application methods are also evolving — from manual brushing to spray systems, and even robotic-assisted delivery in enclosed environments. Many industrial buyers require their suppliers to support detailed testing and compatibility documentation. Some even demand stripping products that match OEM paint specs, particularly in aviation and defense . For these users, switching to an alternative product isn’t just about price or regulation — it’s about avoiding project rework or downtime. Use Case Highlight A mid-sized restoration firm in Chicago was recently awarded a contract to refurbish a 1920s-era city hall building. The project required removing multiple layers of lead-based paint from interior wood moldings without damaging the underlying grain or exposing workers to toxic fumes. The team chose a low- odor , biodegradable gel stripper certified for lead encapsulation work. Thanks to its thick application and long dwell time, the crew was able to apply it at the end of each shift and scrape clean in the morning — avoiding disruption to building occupants and reducing PPE requirements. The firm reported faster project completion, reduced material waste, and no safety incidents — leading to a strong recommendation for the product in future public bids. It’s a clear example of how compliance-ready products that align with end-user workflow can generate both functional and commercial advantage. Recent Developments + Opportunities & Restraints Recent Developments (Last 2 Years) 3M introduced a new solvent-free paint remover for industrial use in 2023, designed for aerospace and marine applications where methylene chloride restrictions apply. The product leverages benzyl alcohol and offers extended dwell time to minimize labor . Franmar Chemical expanded its soy-based stripper line with a fast-acting version aimed at contractors working on time-sensitive restoration jobs. The product launched in 2024 and is marketed as both biodegradable and VOC-exempt. Sunnyside Corporation redesigned its packaging for consumer gel strippers in early 2024, switching to resealable pouches to improve shelf life and user convenience. This aligns with its push to target eco-aware DIYers. Henkel announced a strategic partnership with a major European coatings brand in late 2023 to co-develop water-based surface prep solutions that include stripping and degreasing steps in one formulation. In 2024, several U.S. states (including California and New York) passed additional restrictions on solvent-based paint strippers, prompting major retailers to delist non-compliant SKUs — accelerating the shift toward green formulations. Opportunities Green Renovation Programs: Governments and municipalities are investing in energy-efficient, non-toxic refurbishment of public buildings. Paint strippers that meet environmental criteria are poised to become preferred choices in procurement cycles. Emerging Markets Adoption: Asia Pacific, Latin America, and parts of Eastern Europe are seeing growing demand from infrastructure restoration and vehicle refinishing. Vendors offering affordable, compliant solutions can build early loyalty here. Product Bundling Potential: Strippers bundled with tools, PPE, or post-strip conditioners offer upsell value and can improve margins — especially in retail and pro-distributor channels. Restraints Regulatory Fragmentation: Different rules across regions — and even states — make it hard for manufacturers to standardize formulations. Compliance costs are rising, especially for global players trying to serve multiple jurisdictions. Performance Gap in Green Products: While safer, some bio-based or water-based strippers don’t yet match solvent-based options in speed or effectiveness on hardened industrial coatings. This limits adoption in heavy-use applications. 7.1. Report Coverage Table Report Attribute Details Forecast Period 2024 – 2030 Market Size Value in 2024 USD 2.9 Billion Revenue Forecast in 2030 USD 4.1 Billion Overall Growth Rate CAGR of 5.9% (2024 – 2030) Base Year for Estimation 2024 Historical Data 2019 – 2023 Unit USD Million, CAGR (2024 – 2030) Segmentation By Product Type, Formulation Base, Application, End User, Geography By Product Type Liquid, Gel, Aerosol By Formulation Base Solvent-Based, Caustic-Based, Bio-Based By Application Building Renovation, Automotive, Furniture, Marine, Industrial Equipment By End User Professional Contractors, DIY/Homeowners, Institutional Maintenance, Industrial Operators By Region North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East & Africa Country Scope U.S., Canada, Germany, U.K., China, India, Japan, Brazil, South Africa Market Drivers - Rising demand for safer, low-VOC formulations - Expansion of building renovation and restoration activity - Regulatory bans on methylene chloride accelerating product reformulation Customization Option Available upon request Frequently Asked Question About This Report Q1: How big is the paint stripper market? A1: The global paint stripper market is valued at USD 2.9 billion in 2024. Q2: What is the CAGR for the paint stripper market during the forecast period? A2: The market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 5.9% from 2024 to 2030. Q3: Who are the major players in the paint stripper market? A3: Leading companies include 3M, PPG Industries, Henkel, Sunnyside Corporation, Wolman, and Franmar Chemical. Q4: Which region holds the largest share of the paint stripper market? A4: North America leads the global market, driven by regulatory reform and strong DIY demand. Q5: What factors are driving growth in the paint stripper market? A5: The market is driven by regulatory bans on harmful solvents, rising renovation activity, and growing adoption of eco-friendly and compliant formulations. Table of Contents - Global Paint Stripper Market Report (2019–2030) Executive Summary Market Overview Market Attractiveness by Product Type, Formulation Base, Application, End User, and Region Strategic Insights from Key Executives (CXO Perspective) Historical Market Size and Future Projections (2019–2030) Summary of Market Segmentation by Product Type, Formulation Base, Application, End User, and Region Market Share Analysis Leading Players by Revenue and Market Share Market Share Analysis by Product Type, Formulation Base, Application, and End User Investment Opportunities Key Developments and Innovations Mergers, Acquisitions, and Strategic Partnerships High-Growth Segments for Investment Market Introduction Definition and Scope of the Study Market Structure and Key Findings Overview of Top Investment Pockets Research Methodology Research Process Overview Primary and Secondary Research Approaches Market Size Estimation and Forecasting Techniques Market Dynamics Key Market Drivers Challenges and Restraints Impacting Growth Emerging Opportunities for Stakeholders Impact of Regulatory, Behavioral, and Environmental Factors Technological Advancements Global Paint Stripper Market Analysis Historical Market Size and Volume (2019–2023) Market Size and Volume Forecasts (2024–2030) Market Analysis by Product Type Liquid Gel Aerosol Market Analysis by Formulation Base Solvent-Based Caustic-Based Bio-Based Market Analysis by Application Building Renovation Automotive Refinishing Furniture Restoration Marine Maintenance Industrial Equipment Servicing Market Analysis by End User Professional Contractors DIY/Homeowners Institutional Maintenance Teams Industrial Operators Market Analysis by Region North America Europe Asia-Pacific Latin America Middle East & Africa North America Market Historical Market Size and Volume (2019–2023) Market Size and Volume Forecasts (2024–2030) Market Analysis by Product Type Market Analysis by Formulation Base Market Analysis by Application Market Analysis by End User Country-Level Breakdown United States Canada Mexico Europe Market Historical Market Size and Volume (2019–2023) Market Size and Volume Forecasts (2024–2030) Market Analysis by Product Type Market Analysis by Formulation Base Market Analysis by Application Market Analysis by End User Country-Level Breakdown Germany United Kingdom France Italy Spain Rest of Europe Asia-Pacific Market Historical Market Size and Volume (2019–2023) Market Size and Volume Forecasts (2024–2030) Market Analysis by Product Type Market Analysis by Formulation Base Market Analysis by Application Market Analysis by End User Country-Level Breakdown China India Japan South Korea Rest of Asia-Pacific Latin America Market Historical Market Size and Volume (2019–2023) Market Size and Volume Forecasts (2024–2030) Market Analysis by Product Type Market Analysis by Formulation Base Market Analysis by Application Market Analysis by End User Country-Level Breakdown Brazil Argentina Rest of Latin America Middle East & Africa Market Historical Market Size and Volume (2019–2023) Market Size and Volume Forecasts (2024–2030) Market Analysis by Product Type Market Analysis by Formulation Base Market Analysis by Application Market Analysis by End User Country-Level Breakdown GCC Countries South Africa Rest of Middle East & Africa Key Players & Competitive Analysis 3M – Global Leader in Industrial Paint Removal PPG Industries – Surface Solutions Across Applications Henkel – Sustainable and Safer Formulations Sunnyside Corporation – Consumer and DIY Segment Leader Wolman – Wood Restoration Specialist Franmar Chemical – Bio-Based Paint Removal Solutions Company Overview Key Strategies Recent Developments Regional Footprint Product and Service Portfolio Appendix Abbreviations and Terminologies Used in the Report References and Sources List of Tables Market Size by Product Type, Formulation Base, Application, End User, and Region (2019–2030) Regional Market Breakdown by Product Type and Application (2019–2030) List of Figures Market Dynamics: Drivers, Restraints, Opportunities, and Challenges Regional Market Snapshot for Key Regions Competitive Landscape and Market Share Analysis Growth Strategies Adopted by Key Players Market Share by Product Type, Formulation Base, Application, and End User (2024 vs. 2030)