Report Description Table of Contents Introduction And Strategic Context The Global Agritourism Market is projected to witness a robust CAGR of 10.5%, valued at USD 80.0 billion in 2024, and expected to appreciate and reach USD 150.0 billion by 2030, according to Strategic Market Research. Agritourism, which integrates agricultural operations with tourism experiences, has evolved from a niche rural activity to a strategic economic and social driver for both developed and developing nations. In 2024–2030, the market’s relevance is increasing due to the convergence of changing consumer lifestyles, rural development policies, and sustainability-focused travel trends. Rural and farm-based tourism offers visitors immersive experiences such as farm stays, vineyard tours, agro -education workshops, and local food tastings. These experiences allow farmers and local communities to diversify revenue streams while promoting regional culture, heritage, and sustainable practices. This fusion of agriculture and tourism not only provides direct financial benefits but also enhances rural employment, stimulates local supply chains, and supports environmental stewardship. Several macroeconomic and societal forces underpin the market’s strategic importance. Rising urbanization and the growing appetite for authentic travel experiences are creating strong demand for rural tourism. Governments across North America, Europe, and Asia are providing incentives to promote rural entrepreneurship, infrastructure development, and eco-friendly initiatives. Moreover, sustainability concerns are driving travelers to prefer destinations that offer organic food, hands-on farm experiences, and low-impact lodging options. Technological advancements, particularly in digital marketing, booking platforms, and virtual farm tours, are also enabling small and mid-sized farm operators to reach a global audience. Demographic factors are equally influential. Millennials and Gen Z, representing the majority of modern travelers, increasingly prioritize experiential travel, wellness, and eco-conscious practices, aligning perfectly with agritourism offerings. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic accelerated demand for open-air rural experiences, reinforcing agritourism as a safe, socially-distanced leisure option. Key stakeholders shaping the agritourism ecosystem include farm owners and operators, travel agencies, government tourism boards, non-governmental organizations, hospitality service providers, and investors seeking sustainable business models. Strategic collaborations among these stakeholders are fostering innovative packages that blend agriculture, culture, adventure, and education. In essence, agritourism is transitioning from a supplementary rural activity to a strategic sector influencing rural economies, sustainable travel, and consumer lifestyle choices. With a growing global emphasis on sustainability, health, and authentic experiences, the agritourism market is set to emerge as a resilient and high-growth industry over the 2024–2030 period. Market Segmentation And Forecast Scope The agritourism market spans a diverse array of experiences, services, and end users, reflecting the multifaceted nature of rural tourism and agricultural engagement. This segmentation helps stakeholders identify high-growth areas and strategically tailor offerings to meet evolving consumer preferences and regional demand dynamics. By Experience Type Agritourism experiences can be broadly categorized into farm stays, farm tours and educational experiences, culinary and wine tourism, adventure and outdoor activities, and wellness-focused farm retreats. Farm stays, where visitors live on working farms and participate in daily agricultural activities, account for approximately 35% of the global market in 2024. This segment continues to expand due to rising demand for immersive and hands-on experiences. Culinary and wine tourism, including farm-to-table experiences, vineyard tours, and cooking workshops, is also gaining traction, particularly in regions with established viticulture and agrifood industries. By Traveler Type The market serves both domestic and international travelers, with domestic tourists representing roughly 60% of the total market share in 2024. Family travelers and young adults form the primary customer base, driven by a preference for educational experiences, wellness activities, and authentic cultural immersion. International travelers, while smaller in number, contribute disproportionately to revenue due to higher per-capita spending on premium agritourism packages. By Farm Type Agritourism operations can be segmented based on the type of farm, including crop farms, livestock farms, mixed farms, and specialty farms such as vineyards, orchards, and organic farms. Crop and livestock farms collectively account for more than 50% of market activities in 2024, offering experiences ranging from fruit picking and vegetable harvesting to animal feeding and dairy activities. Specialty farms are increasingly popular for their niche experiences and higher-margin offerings, attracting affluent travelers seeking unique engagements and sustainable practices. By Distribution Channel Bookings and market access are increasingly facilitated through online travel platforms, direct farm websites, and travel agencies. Online channels dominate with a 55% market share in 2024, reflecting the growing role of digital marketing, social media promotion, and the convenience of direct booking. Travel agencies and tour operators remain relevant in developing regions or for packaged experiences, especially for international visitors requiring logistical support. By Region Regional segmentation highlights adoption patterns and growth potential. North America accounts for a significant portion of the global market due to well-established rural tourism infrastructure, high domestic travel demand, and supportive policy frameworks. Europe mirrors this trend, with countries like Italy, France, and Germany leveraging agritourism for rural development and cultural preservation. Asia Pacific, led by China, India, and Japan, is emerging as the fastest-growing region, propelled by rising disposable incomes, government-led rural tourism promotion, and increasing interest in experiential travel. Latin America and LAMEA present underpenetrated markets with strong opportunities in farm-based hospitality and eco-tourism development. In summary, the agritourism market is diverse across experience type, traveler demographics, farm type, distribution channels, and geography. While farm stays and domestic travelers dominate currently, specialty farms and international tourists are emerging as key strategic segments, particularly in high-growth regions of Asia Pacific and Europe. Understanding these dimensions is critical for stakeholders to optimize investment, marketing, and operational strategies over the 2024–2030 forecast period. Market Trends And Innovation Landscape The agritourism market is evolving rapidly, driven by shifts in consumer behavior, technological advancements, and sustainability imperatives. Beyond traditional farm visits, the sector is embracing innovative offerings that integrate digital tools, experiential design, and eco-conscious practices, creating a more immersive and engaging tourism ecosystem. Integration of Technology Digital platforms are revolutionizing how agritourism experiences are marketed and booked. Online travel agencies, dedicated farm portals, and social media channels enable farms to reach a global audience efficiently. Virtual farm tours, augmented reality experiences, and interactive farm apps are emerging, particularly in developed markets, allowing visitors to preview activities or engage remotely. This trend is particularly relevant for specialty farms, where complex activities such as wine blending workshops or organic farming demonstrations can be partially digitized to attract interest before an on-site visit. Focus on Sustainable and Organic Practices Sustainability is a central theme shaping agritourism innovation. Farms are increasingly promoting organic produce, renewable energy usage, water conservation measures, and zero-waste initiatives. Consumers now expect eco-friendly practices as part of the tourism experience, and farms that incorporate these elements differentiate themselves. In Europe and North America, certifications such as organic or farm sustainability ratings are increasingly leveraged as marketing tools to boost credibility and attract environmentally-conscious travelers . Customized and Experiential Offerings Experiential tourism remains a core driver. Modern agritourists prefer hands-on activities like harvesting, animal care, cheese-making, or beekeeping workshops. Tailored experiences for families, educational groups, and wellness travelers are gaining traction. Adventure and wellness segments—such as farm-based yoga retreats, hiking, horseback riding, and cycling tours—are expanding, providing additional revenue streams while enhancing the overall visitor experience. The demand for immersive storytelling and authentic engagement has prompted farms to invest in thematic environments, culturally-rich workshops, and interactive educational programs. Health and Wellness Tourism There is an increasing intersection between agritourism and health tourism. Farm-to-table culinary experiences, organic cooking classes, and wellness retreats combine the benefits of fresh food, outdoor activity, and stress reduction. Wellness-focused agritourism appeals to urban professionals seeking respite from city life, particularly in Asia Pacific and North America, and is emerging as a high-growth segment. Collaborations and Partnerships Strategic collaborations are shaping the innovation landscape. Farms partner with hospitality providers, local governments, and tour operators to develop integrated travel packages. Educational institutions and NGOs often collaborate to create agro -education programs that align with sustainability or cultural heritage objectives. Technology partnerships with app developers and VR/AR companies further enhance the visitor experience, enabling farms to extend engagement beyond physical visits. Revenue Diversification and Premiumization Farms are leveraging agritourism as a platform for revenue diversification. Beyond lodging and tours, activities like farm-hosted festivals, seasonal events, workshops, and product sales (organic produce, handicrafts, wine, or cheese) are creating higher-margin opportunities. Premium experiences—such as vineyard harvesting retreats, cooking masterclasses, and luxury glamping—are increasingly popular, targeting affluent domestic and international travelers . In essence, the agritourism market is no longer limited to passive observation of farm life. Innovation is being driven by a combination of technology, sustainability, wellness, and experiential design. Farms that integrate these elements not only enhance visitor engagement but also generate diversified revenue streams, positioning themselves for sustained growth through 2030. Competitive Intelligence And Benchmarking The agritourism market is moderately fragmented, characterized by a mix of small family-run farms, regional cooperatives, and larger agritourism operators that have scaled operations across multiple regions. Successful players differentiate themselves through unique experiences, operational efficiency, technology adoption, and strategic partnerships. Understanding competitive dynamics is crucial for new entrants and existing operators aiming to expand in high-growth segments. Key Market Players Fattoria La Vialla (Italy) has built a strong reputation for combining organic farming with immersive hospitality experiences. The farm emphasizes farm-to-table dining, hands-on agricultural activities, and educational workshops. Their strategy focuses on premiumization, targeting international travelers seeking authentic Italian countryside experiences. Veritable Farms (United States) operates multiple agritourism farms across California and the Midwest. Their approach leverages digital marketing, seasonal events, and wellness retreats to attract domestic tourists. By integrating culinary workshops, organic produce tasting, and adventure activities, Veritable Farms has diversified revenue streams while building strong regional brand loyalty. Ouro Verde Farm (Brazil) focuses on blending ecotourism with agricultural engagement. Their offerings include farm stays, guided tours, and sustainable agriculture workshops, appealing to both domestic and international visitors. Partnerships with local tourism boards and educational institutions enhance visibility and reinforce the farm’s commitment to sustainability. Green Valley Retreats (India) has emerged as a high-growth operator in Asia Pacific, providing wellness-oriented agritourism packages, organic food experiences, and cultural immersion programs. Leveraging rising urban disposable incomes and growing interest in experiential travel, Green Valley Retreats has quickly expanded into tier-1 and tier-2 cities, capturing the domestic market. Willow Creek Vineyards (Australia) focuses on wine tourism, offering vineyard tours, grape harvesting experiences, and farm-to-glass wine education. Their competitive edge lies in combining agricultural education with premium hospitality, creating a holistic visitor journey. Competitive Strategies and Differentiation Successful agritourism operators excel by combining multiple differentiation strategies: Experience Diversification: Operators bundle accommodation, culinary experiences, wellness activities, and farm participation to increase visitor engagement and revenue per guest. Sustainability Credentials: Farms emphasizing organic farming, renewable energy, and eco-friendly practices build credibility and attract environmentally-conscious travelers . Digital Marketing and Technology: Advanced booking platforms, VR/AR farm previews, and social media engagement are increasingly essential for market reach. Strategic Partnerships: Collaborations with tour operators, local governments, and hospitality chains enhance visibility, attract international travelers, and strengthen community ties. Regional Competitive Dynamics North America and Europe exhibit mature competitive landscapes, with strong emphasis on regulatory compliance, quality certifications, and experiential innovation. Asia Pacific, while fragmented, presents rapid growth opportunities, particularly for wellness-oriented and premium agritourism models. Latin America and LAMEA are emerging markets, with competition largely among small-scale operators focusing on eco-tourism and cultural heritage experiences. Overall, the agritourism market favors operators who combine authenticity, innovation, and sustainability. Leaders differentiate through curated experiences, operational efficiency, and strategic collaborations, setting the benchmark for emerging farms seeking to capture both domestic and international tourism revenue. Regional Landscape And Adoption Outlook The agritourism market exhibits significant regional variation in adoption, driven by economic conditions, cultural preferences, rural infrastructure, and government support. Understanding regional dynamics is critical for investors, policymakers, and operators aiming to capture growth opportunities across mature and emerging markets. North America North America remains a mature agritourism market. The United States and Canada lead adoption due to well-developed rural infrastructure, established farm tourism policies, and strong consumer demand for authentic experiences. Farm stays, wine tourism, and educational farm visits dominate the market. Technology adoption is high, with farms leveraging online booking platforms, digital marketing, and virtual farm tours to attract domestic and international tourists. The regulatory framework, including safety standards and zoning laws, supports high-quality experiences, while state and local tourism boards provide promotional support. Europe Europe has a deeply entrenched agritourism ecosystem, particularly in countries like Italy, France, Germany, and Spain. These markets are characterized by strong integration of cultural heritage, culinary experiences, and sustainability-focused tourism. Government initiatives and EU-funded rural development programs encourage small and medium farms to diversify into tourism. Organic farming and eco-certifications are increasingly influencing market positioning. Northern and Eastern Europe are emerging regions, with countries like Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic investing in agritourism infrastructure to promote rural employment and economic diversification. Asia Pacific Asia Pacific is the fastest-growing agritourism region, with India, China, Japan, and South Korea leading adoption. Rising disposable incomes, urbanization, and a growing preference for experiential travel are key drivers. Governments are actively promoting rural tourism as a tool for regional development, providing subsidies, training, and marketing support. Wellness-focused agritourism, farm-to-table culinary experiences, and cultural immersion packages are particularly popular among domestic travelers . Despite strong growth, challenges such as uneven infrastructure, limited trained hospitality personnel, and fragmented farm operations remain, creating white space opportunities for organized agritourism operators. Latin America Latin America, led by Brazil and Argentina, shows growing interest in agritourism. Vineyards, coffee plantations, and eco-farms are increasingly attracting both domestic and international travelers . Partnerships with travel agencies and eco-tourism organizations are critical in extending reach. However, the market remains underpenetrated due to inconsistent rural infrastructure and limited promotional campaigns. There is notable potential in combining agritourism with adventure and cultural tourism to enhance visitor experiences. Middle East & Africa (MEA) MEA represents a frontier market for agritourism, with adoption primarily in the UAE, Saudi Arabia, and South Africa. Luxury farm stays, eco-resorts, and heritage-based agritourism are beginning to emerge, targeting high-income domestic and international tourists. Government-led initiatives aimed at diversifying tourism and stimulating rural development are gradually creating a conducive environment. Challenges include water scarcity, limited agricultural diversity, and infrastructure gaps, which constrain broader adoption but also highlight opportunities for innovative, high-value offerings. Regional Outlook Summary North America and Europe will continue to lead in innovation, high-quality experiences, and structured agritourism programs. Asia Pacific will drive volume growth due to population density, rising affluence, and government support. Latin America and MEA remain underdeveloped, offering significant potential for first movers focusing on premium, sustainable, and culturally immersive offerings. In all regions, success depends on aligning farm infrastructure, operational efficiency, marketing reach, and regulatory compliance to evolving consumer expectations. End-User Dynamics And Use Case The agritourism market serves a broad spectrum of end users, each with distinct preferences, motivations, and expectations. Understanding these dynamics is essential for operators to tailor experiences, optimize revenue, and ensure high visitor satisfaction. Families and Recreational Travelers Families represent a core segment of the agritourism market. Parents seek educational and recreational experiences for children, such as fruit picking, animal interaction, or farm craft workshops. These travelers prioritize safety, accessibility, and convenience, often favoring farms with structured activity schedules and child-friendly facilities. Family groups typically generate higher repeat visitation rates, especially when bundled with seasonal festivals, holiday packages, or interactive workshops. Millennials and Young Adults This demographic increasingly drives demand for experiential and Instagrammable farm experiences. Millennials and Gen Z prioritize authentic cultural engagement, wellness activities, adventure, and sustainability. They are highly responsive to digital marketing, online reviews, and social media influence, making targeted digital campaigns critical for attracting this segment. Premium experiences, such as wine-tasting, farm-to-table culinary classes, or eco-lodging, resonate particularly well with these travelers, who often value quality and novelty over cost. Educational Institutions and Groups Schools, colleges, and universities represent an important end-user category. Agritourism provides hands-on learning experiences aligned with biology, environmental science, nutrition, and sustainability curricula. Educational groups often seek guided tours, workshops, and structured activity sessions. These engagements also create long-term brand loyalty for farms, as students may return as family travelers or recommend experiences through social networks. Wellness and Retreat Seekers The wellness-oriented segment is growing rapidly, encompassing professionals and urban residents seeking stress relief, mindfulness, and connection with nature. Farms offering yoga retreats, organic cooking sessions, and farm-based spa experiences cater specifically to this end-user. This segment often overlaps with millennials and high-income families seeking premium, immersive experiences. Use Case Highlight A boutique agritourism farm in Tuscany, Italy, targeted urban families and international travelers seeking an authentic farm experience. The farm introduced a farm-to-table cooking program paired with seasonal grape harvesting and vineyard tours. Using online booking platforms and social media campaigns, the farm attracted a 30% increase in international visitors within a single season. Families engaged in hands-on activities while young adults participated in wellness workshops and wine-tasting events. This holistic approach not only increased average visitor spend but also improved customer retention, with over 40% of guests returning the following year or referring friends. End-User Insights Across all segments, end users value safety, authenticity, and immersive experiences. Digital engagement, sustainable practices, and curated experiences enhance appeal and market reach. Farms that successfully balance educational, recreational, and wellness elements are better positioned to capture diverse demographics, expand market share, and maintain long-term growth in the 2024–2030 period. Recent Developments + Opportunities & Restraints Recent Developments (Last 2 Years) Expansion of Premium Farm Experiences in Europe: Several agritourism operators in Italy and France launched luxury farm stays combining wellness retreats, culinary workshops, and wine-tasting tours, enhancing visitor spend and attracting high-income travelers . Digital Integration and Virtual Farm Tours: Farms in the United States and India implemented VR/AR-enabled virtual farm experiences, allowing potential visitors to preview activities online and boosting booking conversion rates. Government Support for Rural Tourism in Asia Pacific: India and China introduced rural tourism incentive programs, including infrastructure funding, training, and digital marketing support, encouraging local farm operators to diversify into agritourism. Partnerships Between Educational Institutions and Farms: In Europe and North America, collaborations with schools and universities created structured agro -education programs, increasing visits by educational groups and strengthening community engagement. Adoption of Sustainable Practices: Farms across Latin America and MEA implemented renewable energy solutions, organic farming, and waste reduction measures to attract environmentally-conscious travelers and meet growing demand for eco-friendly tourism. Opportunities Emerging Markets: Rapid urbanization and rising disposable incomes in Asia Pacific, Latin America, and MEA present significant growth potential for new agritourism ventures. Wellness and Experiential Tourism: Increasing interest in wellness retreats, farm-to-table culinary experiences, and adventure-based activities creates premium revenue streams. Digital Marketing and Technology Adoption: Leveraging online booking platforms, social media campaigns, and virtual engagement tools can expand market reach and enhance customer experience. Restraints High Operational Costs: Developing infrastructure, maintaining sustainable practices, and offering premium experiences can require significant capital investment, limiting accessibility for small-scale operators. Limited Skilled Workforce: A shortage of trained hospitality personnel and specialized guides in rural areas may constrain the ability to deliver high-quality, consistent agritourism experiences. 7.1. Report Coverage Table Report Attribute Details Forecast Period 2024 – 2030 Market Size Value in 2024 USD 80.0 Billion Revenue Forecast in 2030 USD 150.0 Billion Overall Growth Rate CAGR of 10.5% (2024 – 2030) Base Year for Estimation 2024 Historical Data 2019 – 2023 Unit USD Million, CAGR (2024 – 2030) Segmentation By Experience Type, By Traveler Type, By Farm Type, By Distribution Channel, By Geography By Experience Type Farm Stays, Culinary & Wine Tourism, Educational Tours, Adventure & Outdoor, Wellness Retreats By Traveler Type Domestic Travelers, International Travelers, Families, Millennials & Young Adults, Educational Groups, Wellness Seekers By Farm Type Crop Farms, Livestock Farms, Mixed Farms, Specialty Farms (Vineyards, Orchards, Organic Farms) By Distribution Channel Online Booking Platforms, Direct Farm Booking, Travel Agencies & Tour Operators By Region North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, Middle East & Africa Country Scope U.S., Canada, UK, Germany, Italy, France, China, India, Japan, Brazil, Argentina, UAE, South Africa Market Drivers • Rising demand for authentic rural experiences • Growth in wellness and experiential tourism • Government support for rural development and sustainable tourism Customization Option Available upon request Frequently Asked Question About This Report Q1: How big is the global agritourism market? A1: The global agritourism market was valued at USD 80.0 billion in 2024. Q2: What is the CAGR for the forecast period? A2: The market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 10.5% from 2024 to 2030. Q3: Who are the major players in this market? A3: Leading players include Fattoria La Vialla, Veritable Farms, Ouro Verde Farm, Green Valley Retreats, and Willow Creek Vineyards. Q4: Which region dominates the market share? A4: North America leads due to mature infrastructure, established rural tourism policies, and strong domestic demand. Q5: What factors are driving growth in the global agritourism market? A5: Growth is fueled by rising demand for authentic rural experiences, integration of wellness and experiential tourism, and government support for sustainable rural development. Table of Contents – Global Agritourism Market Report (2024–2030) Executive Summary Market Overview Market Attractiveness by Experience Type, Traveler Type, Farm Type, Distribution Channel, and Region Strategic Insights from Key Executives (CXO Perspective) Historical Market Size and Future Projections (2019–2030) Summary of Market Segmentation by Experience Type, Traveler Type, Farm Type, Distribution Channel, and Region Market Share Analysis Leading Players by Revenue and Market Share Market Share Analysis by Experience Type, Traveler Type, Farm Type, and Distribution Channel Investment Opportunities in the Global Agritourism Market Key Developments and Innovations Mergers, Acquisitions, and Strategic Partnerships High-Growth Segments for Investment Market Introduction Definition and Scope of the Study Market Structure and Key Findings Overview of Top Investment Pockets Research Methodology Research Process Overview Primary and Secondary Research Approaches Market Size Estimation and Forecasting Techniques Market Dynamics Key Market Drivers Challenges and Restraints Impacting Growth Emerging Opportunities for Stakeholders Impact of Behavioral and Regulatory Factors Technological Advances in Agritourism Global Agritourism Market Analysis Historical Market Size and Volume (2019–2023) Market Size and Volume Forecasts (2024–2030) Market Analysis by Experience Type Farm Stays Culinary and Wine Tourism Educational Tours Adventure and Outdoor Activities Wellness Retreats Market Analysis by Traveler Type Domestic Travelers International Travelers Families Millennials and Young Adults Educational Groups Wellness Seekers Market Analysis by Farm Type Crop Farms Livestock Farms Mixed Farms Specialty Farms (Vineyards, Orchards, Organic Farms) Market Analysis by Distribution Channel Online Booking Platforms Direct Farm Booking Travel Agencies and Tour Operators Market Analysis by Region North America Europe Asia-Pacific Latin America Middle East & Africa Regional Market Analysis North America Agritourism Market Analysis Historical Market Size and Volume (2019–2023) Market Size and Volume Forecasts (2024–2030) Market Analysis by Experience Type, Traveler Type, Farm Type, and Distribution Channel Country-Level Breakdown United States Canada Mexico Europe Agritourism Market Analysis Historical Market Size and Volume (2019–2023) Market Size and Volume Forecasts (2024–2030) Market Analysis by Experience Type, Traveler Type, Farm Type, and Distribution Channel Country-Level Breakdown Italy France Germany Spain United Kingdom Rest of Europe Asia-Pacific Agritourism Market Analysis Historical Market Size and Volume (2019–2023) Market Size and Volume Forecasts (2024–2030) Market Analysis by Experience Type, Traveler Type, Farm Type, and Distribution Channel Country-Level Breakdown China India Japan South Korea Rest of Asia-Pacific Latin America Agritourism Market Analysis Historical Market Size and Volume (2019–2023) Market Size and Volume Forecasts (2024–2030) Market Analysis by Experience Type, Traveler Type, Farm Type, and Distribution Channel Country-Level Breakdown Brazil Argentina Rest of Latin America Middle East & Africa Agritourism Market Analysis Historical Market Size and Volume (2019–2023) Market Size and Volume Forecasts (2024–2030) Market Analysis by Experience Type, Traveler Type, Farm Type, and Distribution Channel Country-Level Breakdown UAE Saudi Arabia South Africa Rest of Middle East & Africa Key Players and Competitive Analysis Fattoria La Vialla Veritable Farms Ouro Verde Farm Green Valley Retreats Willow Creek Vineyards Competitive Landscape Overview Market Share Positioning and Competitive Differentiation Growth Strategies and Experience Innovation Trends Appendix Abbreviations and Terminologies Used in the Report References and Sources List of Tables Market Size by Experience Type, Traveler Type, Farm Type, Distribution Channel, and Region (2024–2030) Regional Market Breakdown by Segment Type (2024–2030) List of Figures Market Drivers, Challenges, and Opportunities Regional Market Snapshot Competitive Landscape by Market Share Growth Strategies Adopted by Key Players Market Share by Experience Type and Traveler Type (2024 vs. 2030)